Proximal humerus fractures may either occur in isolation or be associated with concurrent dislocation of the glenohumeral joint. Pain, loss of shoulder/arm function, swelling and bruising.Humeral epiphysis separation can occur in adolescents. In younger age groups, trauma is likely to be of higher energy and the resulting injury more serious. In younger people, the same injury mechanism can cause fracture with co-existing shoulder dislocation.Middle age/elderly are most commonly affected.Can also occur during seizures or electric shock when fracture may be associated with a posterior shoulder dislocation.Usually after a fall on to an outstretched hand from standing height.Proximal humerus fractures often occur in older patients after a low-energy fall. Distal humeral fractures are discussed in the separate Elbow Injuries and Fractures article. Fractures of the distal humerus in the adult account for approximately one third of all humeral fractures. One method is to classify them as:įracture of the supracondylar (distal) humerus is one of the most common fractures encountered in children. In the elderly, pathological fracture should be considered.Ĭlassification of humeral fractures is difficult. In children the possibility of non-accidental injury should be borne in mind when taking the history and examining the child, especially in very young children. Mechanism of injuryįractures of the humerus usually result from falls or direct trauma. The medial and lateral epicondyles are at the lower end of the humerus, and the joint surface consists of the capitulum (articulates with the head of the radius) and the trochlea (articulates with the ulna). The radial nerve runs posteriorly around the middle third of the humeral shaft in the spiral groove. The long head of biceps runs between the tuberosities in the bicipital groove, and the surgical neck is just below the greater and lesser tuberosities. The anatomical neck separates the greater and lesser tuberosities from the humeral head. The humeral head articulates with the glenoid fossa of the scapula. hopkinsmedicine.BDB, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commonsīy BDB, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons Humerus fracture (upper arm fracture).clinicalguide/guideline_index/fractures/Humeral_shaft_fractures_Emergency_Department/#ED_Mx Humeral shaft fractures – emergency department.en/diseases-conditions/distal-humerus-fractures-of-the-elbow/ Distal humerus fractures of the elbow.home/injuries-and-poisoning/fractures/upper-arm-fractures healthlibrary/test_procedures/orthopaedic/arm_fracture_open_reduction_and_internal_fixation_135,311 Arm fracture open reduction and internal fixation.You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our editorial policy. Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. This will help you learn exercises and movements you can do to help strengthen your arm muscles and regain your range of motion. Regardless of whether or not you need surgery, your doctor will probably suggest following up with physical therapy. In some cases, doctors can even use an artificial material to create a new piece of bone. If some of the bone has been lost or severely crushed, your surgeon may take a piece of bone from another area of your body or a donor and add it to your humerus. If you have an open fracture, which involves a piece of bone sticking through your skin, surgery will be required to clean up the broken ends and they may use pins and screws and plates to hold the broken ends of your humerus in place. There are two main approaches that your surgeon may use: Occasionally, surgery is required with either plates, screws, rods, or sometimes replacement of your shoulder joint with use of a prosthesis.ĭistal fractures and more severe proximal or mid-shaft fractures usually require surgery. However, you’ll still need to wear a sling, brace, or splint to keep your arm from moving and stabilize your shoulder, if needed. This makes it easier for your humerus to heal on its own. In many cases, proximal and mid-shaft humerus fractures don’t require surgery because the broken ends usually stay close together. This will help them determine what kind of fracture you have and whether you have any other injuries. They may also have you do some movements with your arm. To determine the best treatment, your doctor will start by taking an X-ray of your arm. Treating a humerus fracture depends on several factors, including the type of fracture and whether there are any loose bone fragments.
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